The demand for natural fiber-added composites is increasing day by day at a fast rate due to their biodegradability, eco-friendly fabrication, abundant availability, high specific strength, and decent physical and mechanical characteristics. A lot of research has been done on how to make and test natural fiber-reinforced composites, according to the available literature. Researchers have run across several issues in doing so, including the natural fiber’s hydrophilic character, incompatibility with the matrix, thermal instability, and poor interfacial bonding at the interface. However, surface treatment of natural fibers used in composite production can help to alleviate some of these issues. Hence, there is the necessity to understand the role of different surface treatments on physical and mechanical behaviors. The purpose of this chapter is to shed light on the chemical modification approach for treating natural fibers before they are employed in manufacturing. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.