In recent years, interest in the thermal properties of graphene constituents has seen rapid growth in the fields of science and engineering. The removal of heat in the continuous processes in the electronics industry has had major issues in thermal transmission in lower-dimensional assemblies. It has also shown fascinating topographies as the carbon allotropes and their derivative compounds expel heat. Numerous research articles reported within the past 15 years have demonstrated enhanced electron flexibility, exceptional thermal conductivity and mechanical behaviour, as well as excellent optical properties of graphene as a single atomic layer. This review article tries to provide a detailed summary of the heat exchange properties of graphene structures and graphene-based materials such as nanoribbons with few-layered graphene. Thermal and energy storage management systems have played a major role in the increase in marketable products in recent times. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current research on thermal properties with regard to the management and energy storage of graphene materials, focusing on characteristic properties, industrialization, modelling and simulation, and their applications in specific thermal storage systems.