The development of advanced electrode materials with high capacitance and long-term cycling durability is critical for next-generation supercapacitor applications. Despite the promising properties of individual CoMoO4 and NiMoO4 phases, standalone electrodes suffer from limited rate performance and insufficient cycling stability. To address these limitations, the present work reports the hydrothermal synthesis of CoMoO4/NiMoO4 composite (CNMO). Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a highly crystalline monoclinic phase without detectable impurities. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed the formation of interconnected nanorods, providing a large electrochemically active surface area and efficient ion diffusion pathways. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further confirmed the coexistence of mixed-valence Co, Ni, and Mo species, which contribute to enhanced faradaic redox activity and improved charge transfer kinetics. Owing to the synergistic interaction between CoMoO4 and NiMoO4, the CNMO electrode delivered a high specific capacitance (Sc) of 2948 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 and retained 86% of its initial capacitance after 5000 charge–discharge cycles. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor device (CNMO//AC) exhibited a specific capacitance of 143 F g−1, an energy density of 38.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 2090 W kg−1, and excellent cycling stability with 82% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic redox contribution of the bimetallic molybdate framework and the favorable nanorod architecture. These findings demonstrate that the CNMO composite is a promising electrode material for high-performance energy storage applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026.