In this study, laser shock peening (LSP) was applied to aluminium 6061 alloy, and the resulting texture evolution and mechanical properties were investigated. LSP resulted in a recrystallised microstructure with a reduced texture index and an increased volume of shear components. Grain size decreased significantly to 4.12 μm with increased volume of dislocations. The application of LSP significantly affected the mechanical properties. Surface LSPed at 2.22 J exhibited better mechanical properties, with a hardness and tensile strength of 92.5 HV and 376 MPa, respectively, while LSP applied at higher pulse energy exhibited a reducing trend.