In this chapter, the potential of banana fibers has been explored as a sustainable alternative in composite materials, highlighting their major properties, such as physical, thermal, morphological, and tensile characteristics. Banana fibers are derived from the pseudostems of banana plants. The notable properties of banana fibers include their lighter density (~1.35g/cm3), tensile strength values ranging from 54 to 754MPa, and low elongation at break, typically around 5%–6%. These characteristics make banana fibers suitable for various applications, especially in textiles and eco-friendly composite materials. Regarding thermal analysis, banana fibers can withstand temperatures up to 200°C, and this property can be further improved through fiber surface treatments. For example, peroxide and NaOH treatments improve thermal stability by removing hemicellulose and lignin components, enabling applications in thermal protective clothing and insulation. Furthermore, fiber surface treatments result in smoother and improved bonding, as revealed by the morphological studies. Thus the comprehensive review highlights the versatility of banana fibers in fabricating sustainable and high-performance applications.